ESL Student Blog: A Sentence or Clause?

A sentence is a complete thought that ends with a period, question or exclamation mark. It must have a subject and verb.

 

A clause has a subject and verb as well. But it’s only a part of a larger sentence and therefore cannot stand on its own. There is always an additional part before or after it. Consider the following example:

The house that we’ve just bought has a big backyard. – ‘that we’ve just bought’ is a clause (not an independent sentence), even though it has a subject and a verb.

All of the following are clauses and cannot be taken as complete sentences, more information must be added (* stands for clauses):

*When it snows.

*Right after she left!

*If they knew the truth.

 

The above may be changed to:

The traffic is always heavier when it snows.

The phone rang right after she left!

Would they still get together if they knew the truth?

 

ESL Teacher Blog: Write It Down Again, Again and Again

Writing is a difficult skill to learn and a difficult skill to teach.  Any students who plan on attending high school or post-secondary school in an English speaking country will need to improve their writing skills. 

When I’m teaching writing, I often assign students compositions about famous people.  I like using this topic because information is readily available to the students and they don’t have to spend a lot of time researching.  I also like using this topic because it’s quite impersonal.  I don’t want the compositions turning into reflective pieces. 

In class I review the structure of the composition--introduction, a body of at least 3 paragraphs, and a conclusion.  I remind students not to write the introduction or the conclusion until they have written the body of their composition.  I review paragraphs with the class, and remind them that each paragraph should be about only one main point.  I remind students that each paragraph should have an opening and a closing sentence.  Students dutifully write down everything I say in their notebooks.  Then for homework they start writing their compositions.

I check their first drafts for sentence structure and organization.  The students make the necessary changes.  Then I check their next drafts for spelling and grammar.  Again the students make the necessary changes.  Then I check their third drafts for logic, cohesion and content.  The students make the necessary changes a third time and submit a final copy to me to be marked.

Students usually don’t understand why they need to write so many drafts of the composition, or why I won’t point out all their mistakes on their first drafts.  But realistically they would be overwhelmed by the amount of red ink on their papers if I made all the corrections at once.  They must realize that writing is a process that takes time.  It’s important to have the strong foundation of good sentence structure and organization, before focusing on spelling, grammatically errors or style.

When teaching writing I stress to my students that their writing will not improve immediately.  They must be patient and not expect to immediately become competent writers of English.